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Driven Out
The Forgotten War Against Chinese Americans
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Driven Out
The Forgotten War Against Chinese Americans

By Jean Pfaelzer
2007, 400 pages, Hardback.
Book Description from the Cover Flaps
Comments from the Back Cover
About the Author

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Book Description from the Cover Flaps

The brutal and systematic "ethnic cleansing" of Chinese Americans in California and the Pacific Northwest in the second half of the nineteenth century is a shocking-and virtually unexplored-chapter of American history. Driven Out unearths this forgotten episode in our nation's past. Drawing on years of groundbreaking research, Jean Pfaelzer reveals how, beginning in 1849, lawless citizens and duplicitous politicians purged dozens of communities of thousands of Chinese residents-and how the victims bravely fought back.

In town after town, as races and classes were pitted against one another in the raw and anarchic West, Chinese miners and merchants, lumberjacks and field-workers, prostitutes and merchants' wives, were gathered up at gun­point and marched out of their homes, sometimes thrown into railroad cars along the very tracks they had built.

Here, in vivid detail, are unforgettable incidents such as the torching of the Chinatown in Antioch, California, after Chinese prostitutes were accused of giving seven white boys syphilis, and a series of lynchings in Los Angeles bizarrely provoked by a Chinese wedding. From the port of Seattle to the mining towns in California's Siskiyou Mountains to "Nigger Alley" in Los Angeles, the first Chinese Americans were hanged, purged, and banished. Chinatowns across the West were burned to the ground.

But the Chinese fought back: They filed the first lawsuits for reparations in the United States, sued for the restoration of their property, prosecuted white vigilantes, demanded the right to own land, and, years before Brown v. Board of Education, won access to public education for their children. In order to starve out towns that tried to expel them, Chinese Americans organized strikes and refused to sell vegetables. They ordered arms from China and, with Winchester rifles and Colt revolvers, defended themselves. In 1893, more than 100,000 Chinese Americans refused the government's order to wear photo identity cards to prove their legal status- the largest mass civil disobedience in United States history to that point.

Driven Out features riveting characters, both heroic and villainous, white and Asian. Charles McGlashan, a newspaper editor, spearheaded a shift in the tactics of persecution, from brutality to legal boycotts of the Chinese, in order to mount a run for governor of California. Fred Bee, a creator of the Ponv Express, became the Chinese consul and one of the few attorneys willing to defend the Chinese. Lum May, a dry goods store owner, saw his wife dragged from their home and driven insane. President Grover Cleveland, hoping that China's 400,000 subjects would buy the United States out of its economic crisis, persuaded China to abandon America's Chinese in return for a trade treaty. Quen Hing Tong, a merchant, sought an injunction against the city of San Jose in an important precursor to today's suits against racial profiling and police brutality.

In Driven Out, Jean Pfaelzer tells the unknown story of immigrants who, under assault, stood up for their own civil rights and the civil rights of others. This is an account of racial pogroms, purges, roundups, and brutal terror, but also a record of valiant resistance and community. This deeply resonant and eye-opening work documents a significant and disturbing episode in American history. It is a story that defines us as a nation and marks our history and humanity.

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Comments from the Back Cover

"Jean Pfaelzer has pulled back the veil on one of the most horrendous, frightening, violent, and little-known moments in American history. This is the most compre­hensive history of this period I have ever read, and Pfaelzer has written it with sensitivity and a keen eye for the horrifying, heartbreaking, and often uplifting and triumphant details. Driven Out couldn't be more timely or important."
- Lisa See, author of Snow Flower and the Secret Fan

"Thanks to this gripping narrative, Chinese immigrants to the Far West-so long overlooked-now stand front and center in the saga of the struggle for civil rights in these United States."
- Kevin Starr, author of California: A History

"A meticulously researched and very readable recounting of America's systematic effort, from the mid-nineteenth century into the early twentieth, to purge all Chinese immigrants. The methodical and ruthless nature of this ethnic cleansing was matched only by the resistance from the Chinese-sometimes with guns, knives, and fists, and sometimes with savvy recourse to government representatives as well as petitions, public confrontations, and lawsuits. This is a valuable addition to our understanding of the making of modern America."
- Franklin Odo, director, Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Program, and author of The Columbia Documentary History of the Asian American Experience

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Background on Jean Pfaelzer

Jean Pfaelzer is professor of English, East Asian studies, and American studies at the University of Delaware. The author of four other books and numerous articles on nineteenth-century history, culture, women's literature, feminist theory, and cultural theory, she has served as the executive director of the National Labor Law Center, been appointed to the D.C. Commission for Women, and worked for a member of Congress on immigration, labor, and women's issues. A longtime Californian, she now lives near Washington, D.C.

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